E-commerce is the activity of buying or selling of products and services online or over the internet. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. There are three areas of e-commerce: online retailing, electric markets, and online auctions. E-commerce is supported by electronic business.[2]
E-commerce businesses may also employ some or all of the followings:
Online shopping for retail sales direct to consumers via Web sites and mobile apps, and conversational commerce via live chat, chatbots, and voice assistants[3]
Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which process third-party business-to-consumer or consumer-to-consumer sales
Business-to-business buying and selling;
Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts and social media
Business-to-business (B2B) electronic data interchange
Marketing to prospective and established customers by e-mail or fax (for example, with newsletters)
Engaging in pretail for launching new products and services
Online financial exchanges for currency exchanges or trading purposes. In the past few year’s. India has been something akin to a revolution in the online shopping market. Many Indians are moving online, and they are spending money on stuff However, in spite of Indian massive eCommerce boom country’s tremendous eCommerce growth has not reached rural India where the concept of online shopping is still largely unheard of in some village.
According to Internet Live Stats, the internet penetration in India has grown to 35%, up from 15% in 2013; thanks to the rapidly growing mobile internet. And with Indian Government’s initiatives like Bharat Net underway, this growth will accelerate further in the immediate future.
So when internet is there, why not online shopping?
But as the old saying goes, ‘things are easier said than done’, the road to ecommerce growth in rural India may not be as smooth as one would want it to be.
Here are some challenges that ecommerce businesses face currently when serving rural India.
Challenges4
Unawareness & reluctance in the rural populace
Internet penetration in rural India is increasing constantly, but people are still unaware of all the benefits of online shopping, like getting better deals, saving time & money, getting things delivered at home conveniently, and so on. Besides, those who do know about these benefits still feel reluctant to shop online because of sheer unfamiliarity.
The same challenge of mindset change was there when online shopping first began to ripe in India around 2006-07. At that time, it was taken care of by initiatives like Cash-on-Delivery payment method, money return guarantees, etc. Same trick can work for the rural populace now.
Poorly connected transportation network
Another big & a more formidable challenge is the poor transport infrastructure in most rural areas of the country. Products which are delivered in metropolitan areas in a few days take weeks’ time to reach a rural destination (and that too only if delivery is provided in the given area in the first place).
However, on the bright side, ecommerce companies are gradually understanding rural India demographics, and are working in collaboration with Indian government & local communities to penetrate this immensely potential but under served market share.
On-going Improvements
Indian Postal Services for Delivery network
Indian Postal Service has a ubiquitous network in the country and ecommerce companies have begun to leverage it to improve their reach in the far-flung regions. In fact, according to an iamwire study, about 400 ecommerce stores are already working with Indian-Post to deliver goods in rural areas.
Ecommerce startups specifically targeting rural areas
In past couple of years, many ecommerce startups have emerged that are solely focusing on rural areas. To name a few, Inthree, Storeking, ipay, and edabba. It shows that current generation of aspiring entrepreneurs recognizes the potential in rural market. And collectively these startups are also spreading awareness in the rural populace about the benefits of online shopping.
We also observed this shift in mindset of entrepreneurs during the campaign #YoKart100Startups, as a good number of participants had business ideas that were focused on serving rural areas. (The campaign, #YoKart100Startups was organized during March-April 2016 to give away free copies of YoKart ecommerce platform to 100 most promising business ideas.)
Government’s policies to smoothen things up for startups
With the initiative, ‘Startup India’, the present Government of India has made it considerably easier for new startups (local & foreign alike) to establish themselves in the country. The whole Indian startup ecosystem has received a boost from such policies, which will surely improve ecommerce’s state in rural India as well in the coming time.
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The present state of ecommerce in India is similar to what China experienced a few years ago. So, it would be a good approach for startups to look up how Chinese ecommerce companies overcame challenges to serve their rural populace better.
Things to learn from China
Delivering products via village promoters
China’s ecommerce leaders, Alibaba & JD.com, both work with village promoters to establish a good reach in the rural areas of the country. The idea is, instead of home-delivery in rural areas, these ecommerce stores deliver products to a village center (organized by village promoters), from where villagers can pick up their orders.
According to Mashable article, JD.com alone is working with more than 300,000 village promoters across China. These village promoters also spread awareness about online shopping among those villagers who are unaware or reluctance towards it.
The article also mentioned the statement of one of the village promoters saying, “Older people do not understand online shopping. They don’t have computers. But when I show them the cheaper prices for goods they are buying already, they admit they are intrigued.”
Working with rural retailers
Taobao, Alibaba’s B2C ecommerce arm in China, has brought a concept in the country called ‘Taobao Villages’. These Taobao villages are simply a cluster of rural retailers with online presence. Through Taobao villages, the company is able to manage orders & delivery locally, therefore, provides a better service in these rural areas. Currently, there are over 1300 Taobao Villages across China.
Recommended Reading: How to connect with merchants for your online marketplace
Using drone speed-up deliveries
Considering the lack of awareness & required infrastructure in India, using drone for delivery may seem like a little too ambitious idea for the time being, however, Indian startups should keep the option in mind for future. Chinese Ecommerce Company JD.com launched drone delivery program (in association with village promoters) to speed up its delivery on a recent sales day, which turned out to be a successful initiative and enabled the company to build trust among villagers about the efficiency of their service.
Conclusion
In urban India, the competition among ecommerce companies is soaring high. And considering above-mentioned ongoing developments (through the collective efforts of ecommerce companies, government, & infrastructure builders), it is certain that rural market will be the next battleground for the ecommerce companies in India.
For both established players and new entrants, it is important to understand the market shift and plan their strategy accordingly to ensure that they are prepared for the future opportunities
